Man is supposed to have only God ruling over him, and to introduce a king, who in ruling over the people is like a God, is a grave misdeed. III.
Paine tries to undercut this line of thinking by attacking it on its own terms, and presenting Biblical passages that reject the idea of a divinely appointed monarchy. MANKIND being originally equals in the order of creation, the equality could only be destroyed by some subsequent circumstance; the distinctions of rich, and poor, may in a great measure be accounted for, and that without having recourse to the harsh ill sounding names of oppression and avarice. A series of rulers from the same family would constitute a dynasty. Paine says that a common distinction that lacks any natural or religious basis, is the division between kings and their subjects. Through hereditary succession, kings and lords of inferior intelligence and moral standing can assume positions that they are in no way qualified for. The five good emperors were the ancient Roman imperial succession of Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. ... Paine states that the thrown of England has also been plagued by wars of successions which split the country in two. GLOBAL SENSE ADDRESSED TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE WORLD, 2004. by JUDAH FREED. It is historically the most common type of monarchy and remains the dominant form in extant monarchies. . There may be genealogical rules to determine all who are entitled to succeed, and who will be favored. This distinction, unlike those between male and female or good and evil, is not one "of heaven," and Paine wishes to inquire into its origin and its consequences.Paine also observes that the recent kings of England have mostly been bad, which he says should indicate, even to those who favor hereditary succession, that the present line of kings does not exercise legitimate power.To the contemporary reader, Paine's slogging through mounds of biblical evidence might seem less interesting and less relevant, but in Paine's time, the bible shaped opinions on most matters. ...Rulers began to revive confidence in themselves and their polities through the establishment of dynasties: the hereditary ruling family that passed power from one generation to the next (Webster's). He increased the size of the bureaucracy and army, established price controls, raised taxes, and made occupations hereditary. Male Rule and Authority Addiction. (70) Hereditary succession, as approved by the British constitution, is one of the greater evils of the British government. OF MONARCHY AND HEREDITARY SUCCESSION. He transformed the Roman Empire from a republic into a monarchy. In arguing against hereditary succession, Paine exhibits a tendency to rely on a kind of logic known as a false dilemma, wherein only a certain number of explanations for a phenomenon are presented even though other explanations are just as likely. In hereditary monarchies the order of succession determines who becomes the new monarch when the incumbent sovereign dies or otherwise vacates the throne. He believed monarchy to be absolutely incompatible with individual liberty. ... And as a result of conquest the monarchies of Eu...It was also found that the leader was hereditary, and had the authority to perform rites between living and deceased as well as between rulers and their divine ancestors (Hall, 1989).
Of monarchy and hereditary succession. Thoughts on the present State of American Affairs. Collateral relatives, who share some or all of the grantee's ancestry, but do not directly descend from the grantee, may inherit if there is no limitation to "heirs of the body".In history, quite often, but not always, appointments and elections favored, or were limited to, members of a certain dynasty or extended family. Paine says that if a king is chosen by election, this means all future kings should be chosen in the same way, and if the king usurped his throne, then the entire reign is illegitimate. The succession to monarchy is regulated by the law of primogeniture. Samuel attempted dissuade the people, but they insisted that they wanted to have a King like the other nations, and God assented, even though he thought it evil that the people should want someone other than God to rule over them.Having considered the biblical origin of monarchy, Paine concludes that it is a practice begun in sinfulness. This was a grave mistake, and Paine maintains that in establishing a king for themselves, the Jews sinned.
...(2) Hereditary right is indefeasible. In this case, Paine presents an arsenal of Biblical evidence to show that monarchy is neither a natural nor a preferable institution.
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