motte-and-bailey castle definition: 1. a type of castle in which there is a motte (= small hill) surrounded by a bailey (= open area….
Their layout depends both on the local topography and the level of fortification technology employed, ranging from simple enclosures to elaborate concentric defences. Motte means mound or ‘clod of earth’ and bailey means an enclosure. A Bailey in a castle is a courtyard. bailey definition: 1. the open area inside the outer wall of a castle 2. the open area inside the outer wall of a…. The name motte and bailey come from Norman words. A bailey or ward in a fortification is a courtyard enclosed by a curtain wall.In particular, an early type of European castle was known as a motte-and-bailey. For example, a castle could have had more than one bailey and a good example is Windsor Castle where several baileys flank the motte. Bailey definition, the defensive wall surrounding an outer court of a castle. That's because it took an enormous effort to pile up such a huge volume of earth.Moreover, the broad base of the mottes meant that attacks could come from any direction, and raiders were quick to use this to their advantage, often surprising the defenders inside the keep.By the end of the 11th century, motte-and-bailey castles (especially those made entirely out of earth and timber) began to fall from favor. It was often artificial, meaning it had to be built by piling up earth, but sometimes it incorporated a pre-existing feature of the landscape, such as a nearby hill.Not all were abandoned however, with many of these original motte-and-bailey castles used as foundations for the newly designed stone castles.Some motte-and-bailey castles were abandoned or allowed to lapse into disrepair; those with wooden keeps rotted away, leaving a handful of odd shaped hills scattered across the landscape as the only indication they ever existed.The keep on top of the motte was the castle's primary defensive element. However, a large motte was extremely difficult to build as it took disproportionately more effort to pile up the earth than in the case of smaller hills. During the 11th century this type of private fortress, known as the “motte [mound] and bailey” castle, spread throughout western Europe. However, a large motte was extremely difficult to build as it took disproportionately more effort to pile up the earth than in the case of smaller hills. As an example, a large motte is estimated to have required up to 24,000 man-days of work while smaller ones required perhaps as little as 1,000.The Motte (the word derives from Old French) was a large earthen mound with a ditch surrounding its base. This meant that a motte-and-bailey castle could be built relatively quickly using local manpower and earth and timber alone as building materials.
There were several reasons behind this fact.Despite the simple and relatively rough design, motte-and-baileys had excellent defensive capabilities.
While the concept of ditches, ramparts, and stone walls as defensive measures is ancient, raising a motte is a medieval innovation. Sometimes, the ditches were filled with water by damming or diverting nearby streams forming water-filled moats.Small and medium mottes could not sustain a large keep, and this meant that living quarters were usually small and cramped. Designers could use an existing mound or hill for foundations which could save significant construction time.Large mottes could be as high as 30 meters and as large as 90 meters in diameter, but they were rarely used. Alternatively, some castles were designed with a single bailey and two mottes, such as Lincoln Castle. It was often artificial, meaning it had to be built by piling up earth, but sometimes it incorporated a pre-existing feature of the landscape, such as a nearby hill.Not all were abandoned however, with many of these original motte-and-bailey castles used as foundations for the newly designed stone castles.Some motte-and-bailey castles were abandoned or allowed to lapse into disrepair; those with wooden keeps rotted away, leaving a handful of odd shaped hills scattered across the landscape as the only indication they ever existed.The keep on top of the motte was the castle's primary defensive element. The Bailey would be in between the gateway and the motte.
Learn more. To avoid the perils of fire, improve durability and increase the castle defense capability, the obvious solution was to replace (wherever possible) timber with stone.Although the motte-and-bailey design is a particularly northern European phenomenon (most castles of this type can be found in Normandy and Britain), we can also see such structures in other parts of Europe, such as Denmark, Germany, Southern Italy and occasionally beyond.To build a large tower that could properly accommodate the lord and his servants, castles needed a large motte. Castle definition: A castle is a large building with thick , high walls . A motte-and-bailey castle is a fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade.
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