Louis XII was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. Proclaimed of age on August 17, 1563, after his 13th birthday (according to the custom of the kingdom), he remained under his mother’s domination, being incapable of choosing and following a policy of his own. Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. The Valois line looked strong on the death of Henry II, who left four male heirs. He succeeded his father Louis XI at the age of 13. Most of Northern France was under English control until 1435 but by 1453 the English had been expelled from all of France save Calais and the Channel Islands. Charles was born at the Château d'Amboise in France, the only surviving son of King Louis XI by his second wife Charlotte of Savoy. His health was poor. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. However, throughout this period he resided in Austria, with his mother. He was immediately created Duke of Orléans at birth, succeeding his older brother Louis, his father's second son, who had died in infancy the year before. After decades of tension, war broke out between Protestants and Catholics after the massacre of Vassy in 1562. Catherine de’ Medici was the queen consort of Henry II of France (1547–59) and regent of France. (#520523) From Britain and Her Neighbours, 1485 - 1688, published 1923. The Merovingian kings began as mere chieftains, the oldest known being Pharamond. [8] The Valois claimed the right to the succession by male-only primogeniture, having the closest all-male line of descent from a recent French king. b) LOUIS de Bourbon bâtard de Liège (1465-after 26 Jun 1500). Corrections? Charles IX, also called (until 1560) duc (duke) d’Orléans, (born June 27, 1550, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris—died May 30, 1574, Vincennes, France), king of France from 1560, remembered for authorizing the massacre of Protestants on St. Bartholomew’s Day, August 23–24, 1572, on the advice of his mother, Catherine de Médicis. King Charles VII of France (r. 1422–61) routs the English forces by 1453.” “The fifteenth century opens with civil unrest as the Armagnacs and Burgundians, two powerful political factions, war for control of France during the frequent periods of insanity suffered by King Charles VI (r. 1380–1422). The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. That line became extinct in 1328, creating a succession crisis known as the Hundred Years War. von Frankreich und dessen Gemahlin Charlotte von Savoyen geboren. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Over the years Louis Philippe grew more conservative. Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria and King of Spain. Clovis I was the first of these to rise to true kingship. Louis XVI's son had been considered by monarchists as Louis XVII but he was never crowned and never ruled in his own right before his own death. The French Second Republic lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was declared Emperor of the French. He was a monarch of the ‘House of Valois–Angoulême’ and son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici. As Navarre did not have a tradition of male-only primogeniture, the Navarrese monarchy became distinct from the French, with Joan II, a daughter of Louis X, inheriting there. To strengthen the prestige of the crown, Catherine took Charles on a tour of France from 1564 to 1566. Charles IX (27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1560 until his death. The Plantagenets based their claim on being closer to a more recent French king, Edward III of England being a grandson of Philip IV through his mother, Isabella. France witnessed a number of wars of religion, including the appalling ‘St. He ascended the throne of France upon the death of his brother Francis II in 1560. Charles VI (3 December 1368 – 21 October 1422), called the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé) and later the Mad (French: le Fol or le Fou), was King of France from 1380 until his death. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Maria of Cleves, he succeeded his 2nd cousin once removed, Charles VIII, who died without direct heirs in 1498. Charles, although emotionally disturbed, was an intelligent man. Henry himself was crowned by a different faction in 1431, though at the age of 10, he had yet to come of age. During Anne's regency, the great lords rebelled against royal centralisation efforts in a conflict known as the Mad War, which resulted in … [5] Pepin's great-grandson Charles the Bald was king at the time of the Treaty of Verdun (843) (for earlier rulers, see List of Frankish kings). They used the title "Emperor of the French".[3][4]. Charles VIII, king of France, marches through the Alps with an army of 30,000, to claim the throne of Naples Go to Charles VIII (1470–98) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) Charles IX, also called (until 1560) duc (duke) d’Orléans, (born June 27, 1550, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris—died May 30, 1574, Vincennes, France), king of France from 1560, remembered for authorizing the massacre of Protestants on St. Bartholomew’s Day, August 23–24, 1572, on the advice of his mother, Catherine de Médicis. After his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon attempted to abdicate in favour of his son but the Bourbon Monarchy was re-established yet again and would continue to rule France until the July Revolution of 1830, replaced it with a cadet branch, the House of Orleans. The Capetians ruled continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. Adding the 7 Emperors and Kings after the French Revolution, this comes to a total of 52 monarchs of France… The monarchs of the Kingdom of France ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of the West Franks in 843 until the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Later his father refused to be apart of killing King Charles, stating the King was barely a man, and they didn't even know what kind of king he'd be. Juni 1470 in Schloss Amboise; 7. We produce your artwork exactly like you wish. 987–996 Hugh Capet. When a revolution broke out he fled to Great Britain leaving his grandson Prince Philippe, Count of Paris as King of the French. Italian-born politician Catherine de' Medici was married to the French King Henry II (1519– 1559) and was mother and regent (one who governs a kingdom in the absence of the real ruler) of three other kings—Francis II (1544–1560), Charles IX (1550–1574), and Henry III (1551–1589). Updates? During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–92) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style of "King of the French" was used instead of "King of France (and Navarre)". He took the popular title Emperor of the French instead of King of France and Navarre or King of the French to avoid all titles of the Kingdom of France making France's second popular monarchy. The title "King of the Franks" (Latin: Rex Francorum) gradually lost ground after 1190, during the reign of Philip II (but FRANCORUM REX continued to be used, for example by Louis XII in 1499, by Francis I in 1515, and by Henry II about 1550). Two days later the Second French Republic was declared. On 18 September 1559, with the court still in mourning, Francis was crowned King Francis II at Reims by its archbishop, the Cardinal of Lorraine. This marked the second time the thrones of Navarre and France were united under one monarch; as different inheritance laws had caused them to become separated during the events of the Hundred Years Wars. [1], In addition to the Kingdom of France, there were also two French Empires, the first from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815, founded and ruled by Napoleon I, and the second from 1852 to 1870, founded and ruled by his nephew Napoleon III (also known as Louis-Napoleon). The Bosonids were a noble family descended from Boso the Elder. He is known for his mental illness and psychotic episodes which plagued him throughout his life. Francis I (French: François I er; Middle French: Francoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. His godparents were Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (the godchild's namesake), Joan of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon and Edward of Westminster, the son of Henry VI of England who had been living in France since the deposition of his father by Edward IV.Charles succeeded to the throne on 30 August 1483 at the age of 13. These groups are: This article is about French monarchs. Omissions? Upon Louis XVII's death, his uncle Louis-Stanislas (Louis XVI's brother) claimed the throne, as Louis XVIII, but only became de facto King of France in 1814. Karl VIII. The Robertians were Frankish noblemen owing fealty to the Carolingians, and ancestors of the subsequent Capetian dynasty. She was one of the most influential personalities of the Catholic–Huguenot wars ( Wars of Religion; 1562–98). From 22 June to 7 July 1815, Bonapartists considered Napoleon II as the legitimate heir to the throne, his father having abdicated in his favor. They were descended from the third son of Philip III, Charles, Count of Valois. From 1340 to 1360 and from 1369 to 1801 the Kings of England and Great Britain claimed the title of King of France. 996–1031 Robert II … He was also King consort of Scotland as a result of his marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1558 until his death in 1560.. He was the third son & 5th child of King Henry II of France and Queen Catherine de' Medici, He was immediately created Duke of Orléans at birth, succeeding his older brother Louis, his parent's second son, who had died in infancy the year before. He was regarded by his contemp… With or without painting frame. Grand Prior of the Jesuits in France. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The second son of Henry II and Catherine, Charles became king on the death of his brother Francis II, but his mother was regent. Three of her sons were kings of France: Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. The branches of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of Valois (until 1589) and Bourbon (from 1589). Following the first defeat of Napoleon and his exile to Elba, the Bourbon monarchy was restored, with Louis XVI's younger brother Louis Stanislas being crowned as Louis XVIII. c) JACQUES de Bourbon bâtard de Liège (1466-27 Sep 1537, bur Paris, église Sainte-Marie Madeleine du Temple). They were direct descendants of the Robertian kings. From 21 January 1793 to 8 June 1795, Louis XVI's son Louis-Charles was the titular King of France as Louis XVII; in reality, however, he was imprisoned in the Temple throughout this duration, and power was held by the leaders of the Republic. Following the assassination of his third son, the childless Henry III, and the premature death of his fourth son Hercule François, France was plunged into a succession crisis over which distant cousin of the king would inherit the throne. Charles III, byname Charles the Simple, French Charles Le Simple, (born Sept. 17, 879—died Oct. 7, 929, Péronne, Fr. The kingdom, however, was torn by the hostility between the Catholics and the Huguenots. Odo, Count of Paris, was chosen by the western Franks to be their king following the removal of emperor Charles the Fat. English claims to the French throne actually date from 1328, when Edward III claimed the throne after the death of Charles IV. He refused to murder him for the sins of his mother. [a] During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–1792) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style "King of the French" was used instead of "King of France (and Navarre)". High-quality museum quality from Austrian manufactory. In 1643, the royal banner to the sea was white with gold fleurs-de-lis with the arms of France supported by two cherubs in the center. [7] He was deposed and died in captivity. Charles IX was the king of France from 1560 to 1574. Capetian Dynasty. His second son, Charles IX, had no legitimate sons to inherit. The main line of descent from Hugh Capet is known as the House of Capet. Download this stock image: King of France Charles IX and his wife, Elizabeth of Austria, 1500s. For Frankish kings, see. King of France (Roi de France) Francis II (François II) 10 July 1559: 5 December 1560 • Son of Henry II Became king at 15; Married Mary Queen of Scots; King of France (Roi de France) King of Scots (1558–1560) Charles IX: 5 December 1560: 30 May 1574 • Son of Henry II • Younger brother of Francis II King of France (Roi de France) Henry III (Henri III) See this event in other timelines: He took the regnal name of Napoleon III after his uncle (Napoleon I) and his cousin (Napoleon II, who was declared but uncrowned as heir to the Imperial throne). After the death of Louis V, Hugh Capet, the son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I, was elected by the nobility as king of France. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy.He succeeded his first cousin once removed Louis XII, who died without a son. Francis I, also called (until 1515) Francis of Angoulême, French François d’Angoulême, (born Sept. 12, 1494, Cognac, France—died March 31, 1547, Rambouillet), king of France (1515–47), the first of five monarchs of the Angoulême branch of the House of Valois. While there were numerous claimants to succeed, the two best claimants were the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet and then later the House of Lancaster. His education had been entrusted to the humanist Jacques Amyot, who helped him to develop a love of literature. As he grew up, he became so violent that courtiers genuinely feared for their lives. ), king of France (893–922), whose authority came to be accepted by Lorraine and who settled the Northmen in Normandy but who became the first Carolingian ruler of … The cadet branches of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of Valois and Bourbon. His health was poor and he was mentally unstable. Charles V, 1500 –1558. A member of the family, Rudolph (Raoul), was elected "King of the Franks" in 923. During the festivities of her marriage Charles gave the order to murder thousands of protestants in the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Charles VIII, (born June 30, 1470, Amboise, Fr.—died April 7, 1498, Amboise), king of France from 1483, known for beginning the French expeditions into Italy that lasted until the middle of the next century. The family consolidated its power in the 8th century, eventually making the offices of mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum hereditary and becoming the real powers behind the Merovingian kings. Under Louis Philippe, the popular monarchy of France changed the styles and forms of the ancien régime, replacing them with more populist forms like replacing "King of France" with "King of the French"). Once, he savagely attacked his sister with his fists. One Plantagenet, Henry VI of England, did enjoy de jure control of the French throne under the terms of the Treaty of Troyes, which formed the basis for continued English claims to the throne of France until 1801. Hugh Capet is generally considered the first king of France but it took him and his descendants to fight and expand, and fight and survive, to begin to turn a small kingdom into great France. [citation needed]. The death of Charles IV started the Hundred Years' War between the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet later the House of Lancaster over control of the French throne. Charles VIII, called the Affable, was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. Charles X's son Louis signed a document renouncing his own right to the throne only after a 20-minute argument with his father. April 1498 ebenda) war von 1483 bis 1498 König von Frankreich. The Bourbon Restoration came to an end with the July Revolution of 1830 which deposed Charles X and replaced him with Louis Philippe I, a distant cousin with more liberal politics. After his death, his kingdom was split between his sons into Soissons ( Neustria), Paris, Orleans ( Burgundy), and Metz (Austrasia). The Capetian dynasty, the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, included the first rulers to adopt the title of 'King of France' for the first time with Philip II (r. 1180–1223). He was the last monarch to rule France. The sickly King Charles IX of France (1550-1574) was a mentally unstable sadist with mad rages. With the House of Bonaparte, the "Emperors of the French" ruled in 19th-century France between 1804 and 1814, again in 1815, and between 1852 and 1870. The massacre apparently haunted Charles for the rest of his life. Nevertheless, English and then British monarchs continued to claim the title for themselves until the creation of the United Kingdom in 1801. Francis I the Father and Restorer of Letters, Legitimist claimants to the throne of France, Legitimist-Anjou claimants to the throne of France, Orléanist claimants to the throne of France, Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France, English claimants to the throne of France, Jacobite claimants to the throne of France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&oldid=1008360317, Lists of political office-holders in France, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, • Tenth generation descendant of Louis IX in the male line, • Sixth generation descendant of Louis XIII in the male line, This page was last edited on 22 February 2021, at 22:37. Before his accession to the throne of France, he was known as Louis of Orléans and was compelled to be married to his disabled and supposedly sterile cousin Joan by his second cousin, King Louis XI. By doing so, Louis XI … On 14 May 1564, Charles was presented the Order of the Garterby Henry Carey. He died of tuberculosis, leaving no children by his consort, Elizabeth of Austria, whom he had married in 1570, but one son, Charles, later duc d’Angoulême, by his mistress Marie Touchet. Stretched on canvas or printed as photo. The monarchs of the Kingdom of France ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of the West Franks in 843 until the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Ultimately, after winning numerous battles in defence of his claim, Henry converted to Catholicism and was crowned as king Henry IV, founding the House of Bourbon. The best claimant, King Henry III of Navarre, was a Protestant, and thus unacceptable to much of the French nobility. All this came to nothing, however, when Catherine, alarmed at the new policy and at Coligny’s ascendancy and dismayed at the reaction to an unsuccessful attempt on Coligny’s life (August 22, 1572), induced Charles to order the massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day. Chevalier of the Knights of the Order of St John of Jerusalem 29 Mar 1503. Various other kingdoms would continue to break apart and be formed as th… Prince Charles Maximilian was born on June 27, 1550 at the Royal Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Hand-colored print - DAX0TB from Alamy's library of millions of … He was never proclaimed, making him disputed as a genuine monarch. Henry V predeceased Charles VI and so Henry V's son, Henry VI, succeeded his grandfather Charles VI as King of France. On May 14, 1564, Charles was presented the Order of the Garter by Henry Carey. Charles VIII l'Affable oder le Courtois; * 30. He is not usually counted among French monarchs, creating a gap in numbering on most traditional lists of French kings. The chronology of Head of State of France continues with the Presidents of France and short term interim periods by the Chief of State of the French State (1940–1944), the Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946) and the President of the French Senate (1969 and 1974) during the Fifth Republic. King Charles VI of France dies the following month, leaving Henry VI, Henry’s 10-month-old son, as King of France and England. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He wrote poetry and a work on hunting and was a patron of the Pléiade, a literary group dedicated to the advancement of French literature. The Valois line would rule France until the line became extinct in 1589, in the backdrop of the French Wars of Religion. Various pretenders descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the president of France, and of each other. Because he was never crowned he is disputed as a genuine king of France. der Freundliche oder der Höfische (frz. [9] Louis's nephew Henry was likewise considered by some to be Henry V but the new regime did not recognise his claim and he never ruled. His first son, Francis II, died in his minority. By this time the eastern and western parts of the land already had different languages and cultures. It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy, which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France.[1]. King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) 1422 - Henry aged 8 months becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI. After that the country was ruled by a succession of republican governments (see French Third Republic). Er wurde als dritter und einzig überlebender Sohn von Ludwig XI. Because neither Hugh nor Philip were sole or senior king in their own lifetimes, they are not traditionally listed as Kings of France and are not given ordinals. As the official age of majority for kings in France was fourteen, there was no initial call for a regency, but, with Francis lacking any aptitude for government, the Guises retained control. Charles IX (1550-74), King of France, 1573 by French School as fine art print. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre’ of … Between the period from King Charles the Bald in 843 to King Louis XVI in 1792, France had 45 kings. He was crowned at Compiègne in February 888 by Walter, Archbishop of Sens.[6]. The name of France comes from the Germanic tribe known as the Franks. Take advantage of our Presidents' Day bonus! The victories of his brother, the duc d’Anjou (later Henry III), over the Huguenots at Jarnac and Moncontour in 1569 made Charles jealous, so that in 1571, when the Huguenot Gaspard de Coligny came to court, Charles was persuaded to favour a Huguenot plan for intervention against the Spanish in the Netherlands; Charles sanctioned a defensive alliance with England and Huguenot aid to the Dutch.
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