Wood was used for forts and as an auxiliary material. Traditional Chinese timber frames do not use trusses but rely only on post and lintel … Skilled craftsmen served apprenticeships or learned their trade from their parents. Indeed, arches have been used since prehistoric times. Workers built brick and cement factories with local materials near the wall. Innovative builders there made use of reeds and willow brought in from rivers and oases to build a strong wall. The oldest wooden building is the Nanchan Temple (Wutai) dating from 782 AD. Selected Answer: a. Excavations in The innovation of the Romans was to use these elements in a single free-standing structure. Their construction and maintenance was a major part of Some remains of many Roman temples survive, above all in Rome itself, but the relatively few near-complete examples were nearly all converted to Christian churches (and sometimes subsequently to The form of the Roman temple was mainly derived from the There was considerable local variation in style, as Roman architects often tried to incorporate elements the population expected in its These buildings were semi-circular and possessed certain inherent architectural structures, with minor differences depending on the region in which they were constructed. Because of this, what little we can say about very early construction is mostly conjecture and based on what we know about the way nomadic hunter-gatherers and herdsmen in remote areas build shelters today. This change in the way buildings were designed had a fundamental difference on the way problems were approached. Where valleys or lowlands intervened, the conduit was carried on bridgework, or its contents fed into high-pressure lead, ceramic or stone pipes and siphoned across. Imitation windows (Ancient Rome had elaborate and luxurious houses owned by the elite. Where bricks and blocks weren't available, tamped earth, uncut stones, wood, and even reeds were used as local materials. The spans are, in the main, limited and suggest very simple beam and post structures spanning stone walls. By the fourth century AD there were 36 such arches in Rome, of which three have survived – the The ornamentation of an arch was intended to serve as a constant visual reminder of the triumph and Inscriptions on Roman triumphal arches were works of art in themselves, with very finely cut, sometimes gilded letters. The arid climate has preserved much of the ancient buildings. Some authors have suggested that the larger may not be cut stone but fabricated with concrete.Although the Egyptians achieved extraordinary feats of engineering, they appear to have done so with relatively primitive technology.
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